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| |
N. of participants
|
N. of incident diabetes
|
Model 1
|
Model 2
|
Model 3
|
Model 4
|
|---|
| |
HR (95% CI)
|
HR (95% CI)
|
HR (95% CI)
|
HR (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
Total
| | | | | | |
|
Non-napping
|
33,511
|
1942
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
Napping only in summer
|
17,648
|
1145
|
1.11 (1.04–1.20)
|
1.09 (1.01–1.18)
|
1.06 (0.99–1.14)
|
1.05 (0.97–1.13)
|
|
Habitual daytime napping
|
2757
|
246
|
1.62 (1.42–1.85)
|
1.55 (1.35–1.77)
|
1.41 (1.23–1.62)
|
1.39 (1.21–1.59)
|
|
Males
| | | | | | |
|
Non-napping
|
12,265
|
599
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
Napping only in summer
|
8689
|
505
|
1.16 (1.03–1.31)
|
1.13 (1.01–1.28)
|
1.09 (0.96–1.23)
|
1.07 (0.95–1.21)
|
|
Habitual daytime napping
|
1619
|
145
|
1.81 (1.50–2.16)
|
1.67 (1.38–2.01)
|
1.47 (1.22–1.76)
|
1.45 (1.20–1.74)
|
|
Females
| | | | | | |
|
Non-napping
|
21,246
|
1343
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
Napping only in summer
|
8959
|
640
|
1.09 (0.99–1.20)
|
1.08 (0.98–1.18)
|
1.05 (0.95–1.15)
|
1.03 (0.93–1.13)
|
|
Habitual daytime napping
|
1138
|
101
|
1.45 (1.17–1.76)
|
1.43 (1.16–1.75)
|
1.33 (1.08–1.63)
|
1.30 (1.05–1.59)
|
- Model 1, adjusted for age and sex. Model 2, further adjusted for education level (no formal education, primary school, middle school, and high school or above), household income (< 19,999 yuan, 20,000–34,999 yuan, and ≥ 35,000 yuan), marital status, cigarettes consumption (never, occasional, former, and current regular), alcohol consumption (never, occasional, former, and current regular), meat, fresh fruits, and fresh vegetables consumption (daily and non-daily), physical activity (continuous) and sleep duration (continuous). Model 3, further adjusted for and BMI (continuous) and WC (continuous). Model 4, further adjusted for snoring (none, occasional, and habitual)
